工業(yè)閥門不作強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)，但可以通過(guò)試壓方法解決調(diào)試過(guò)程

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通常情況下，工業(yè)閥門在使用時(shí)不作強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn),但修補(bǔ)過(guò)后閥體和閥蓋或腐蝕損傷的閥體和閥蓋應(yīng)作強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)。對(duì)于安全閥，其定壓和回座壓力及其他試驗(yàn)應(yīng)符合其說(shuō)明書(shū)和有關(guān)規(guī)程的規(guī)定。閥門安裝之前應(yīng)在閥門液壓測(cè)試臺(tái).上作閥門強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)和閥門]密封試驗(yàn)。低壓閥門]抽查20%，如不合格應(yīng)100%的檢查;中、高壓閥門應(yīng)100%的檢查。閥門]試壓常用的介質(zhì)有水、油、空氣、蒸汽、氮?dú)獾?，各類工業(yè)閥門含氣動(dòng)閥門的試壓方法如下:

1、截止閥和節(jié)流閥的試壓方法

截止閥和節(jié)流閥的強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn),通常將組裝好的閥門門放在試壓架中，打開(kāi)閥瓣，注入介質(zhì)至規(guī)定值，檢查閥體和閥蓋是否冒汗和滲漏。也可單件進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)。密封性試驗(yàn)只做截止閥。試驗(yàn)時(shí)截止閥的閥桿成垂直狀態(tài)，閥瓣開(kāi)啟,介質(zhì)從閥瓣底下一端引入至規(guī)定值,檢查填料和墊片處;待合格后關(guān)閉閥瓣，打開(kāi)另一端檢查是否有滲漏。如果閥門強(qiáng)度和密封性試驗(yàn)都要做時(shí),可先做強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)，然后降壓至密封性試驗(yàn)規(guī)定值,檢查填料和墊片處;再關(guān)閉閥瓣，打開(kāi)出口端檢查密封面是否滲漏。

2、閘閥的試壓方法

閘閥的強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)與截止閥一樣。閘閥的密封性試驗(yàn)有兩種方法。

①閘板開(kāi)啟，使閥內(nèi)壓力升至規(guī)定值;然后關(guān)閉閘板，立即取出閘閥,檢查閘板兩側(cè)密封處有否滲漏或者直接往閥蓋.上的堵頭內(nèi)注入試驗(yàn)介質(zhì)至規(guī)定值，檢查閘板兩側(cè)密封處。以上方法叫做中間試壓。這種.方法不宜在公稱通徑DN32mm以下的閘閥做密封試驗(yàn)。

②另一種方法是將閘板開(kāi)啟，使閥門試驗(yàn)壓力升至規(guī)定值;然后關(guān)閘板，打開(kāi)-端盲板，檢查密封面是否滲漏。再倒頭，作以上重復(fù)試驗(yàn)至合格為止。氣動(dòng)閘閥填料和墊片處密封性試驗(yàn)應(yīng)在閘板密封性試驗(yàn)之前進(jìn)行。

3、球閥的試壓方法.

氣動(dòng)球閥的強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)應(yīng)在ball valve球體半開(kāi)狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行。

①浮動(dòng)式球閥密封性試驗(yàn):將閥處于半開(kāi)狀態(tài)，-端引入試驗(yàn)介質(zhì)，另-端封閉;將球體轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)幾次，閥門處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)時(shí)打開(kāi)封閉端檢查,同時(shí)檢查填料和墊片處密封性能，不得有滲漏現(xiàn)象。然后從另一端引入試驗(yàn)介質(zhì)，重復(fù)上述試驗(yàn)。

②固定式球閥密封性試驗(yàn):在試驗(yàn)前將球體空載轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)幾次，固定式球閥處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，從一端引人試驗(yàn)介質(zhì)至規(guī)定值;用壓力表檢查引入端密封性能，使用壓力表精度0.5~1級(jí)，量程為試驗(yàn)壓力的1.6倍。在規(guī)定時(shí)問(wèn)內(nèi)，沒(méi)有降壓現(xiàn)象為合格;再?gòu)牧硪欢艘朐囼?yàn)介質(zhì)，重復(fù)上述試驗(yàn)。然后，將閥門處于半開(kāi)狀態(tài)，兩端封閉，內(nèi)腔充滿介質(zhì)，在試驗(yàn)壓力下檢查填料和墊片處，不得有滲漏。

③三通球閥應(yīng)在各個(gè)位置上進(jìn)行密封性試驗(yàn)。

4、旋塞閥的試壓方法

?旋塞閥進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)時(shí)，介質(zhì)從一端引入，封閉其余通路，將塞子依次旋轉(zhuǎn)到全開(kāi)的各工作位置進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，閥體未發(fā)現(xiàn)滲漏為合格。

Industrial valves do not undergo strength testing, but the debugging process can be solved through pressure testing methods

Normally, industrial valves are not subjected to strength testing during use, but after repair, the valve body and valve cover, or the valve body and valve cover with corrosion damage, should undergo strength testing. For safety valves, their constant pressure, reseating pressure, and other tests should comply with the instructions and relevant regulations. Before installing the valve, a valve strength test and a valve sealing test should be conducted on the valve hydraulic test bench. 20% of low-pressure valves shall be randomly inspected, and if they are found to be unqualified, 100% of them shall be inspected; Medium and high pressure valves should be 100% inspected. The commonly used media for pressure testing include water, oil, air, steam, nitrogen, etc. The pressure testing methods for various industrial valves, including pneumatic valves, are as follows:

1. Pressure testing methods for globe and throttle valves

The strength test of globe and throttle valves usually involves placing the assembled valve door in a pressure testing frame, opening the valve disc, injecting medium to the specified value, and checking whether the valve body and valve cover are sweating or leaking. Individual strength tests can also be conducted. The sealing test is only conducted on globe valves. During the experiment, the stem of the shut-off valve is in a vertical position, the valve disc is opened, and the medium is introduced from the bottom end of the valve disc to the specified value. Check the packing and gasket; After passing the inspection, close the valve disc and open the other end to check for any leakage. If both the strength and sealing tests of the valve need to be conducted, the strength test can be conducted first, and then the pressure can be reduced to the specified value of the sealing test, and the packing and gasket should be checked; Close the valve disc again and open the outlet end to check for leakage on the sealing surface.

2. Pressure testing method for gate valves

The strength test of gate valves is the same as that of globe valves. There are two methods for the sealing test of gate valves.

① Open the gate to raise the pressure inside the valve to the specified value; Then close the gate and immediately remove the gate valve. Check for any leakage at the sealing points on both sides of the gate or directly inject the test medium into the plug on the valve cover to the specified value. Check the sealing points on both sides of the gate. The above method is called intermediate pressure testing. This method is not suitable for conducting sealing tests on gate valves with a nominal diameter of DN32mm or less.

② Another method is to open the gate and raise the valve test pressure to the specified value; Then close the gate, open the blind plate at the end, and check if the sealing surface is leaking. Repeat the above test until it is qualified. The sealing test at the packing and gasket of the pneumatic gate valve should be conducted before the gate sealing test.

3. Pressure testing method for ball valves

The strength test of pneumatic ball valves should be conducted in the ball valve half open state.

① Floating ball valve sealing test: Place the valve in a semi open state, introduce the test medium at one end, and seal the other end; Rotate the ball several times and open the closed end for inspection when the valve is in the closed state. At the same time, check the sealing performance of the packing and gasket, and there should be no leakage. Then introduce the test medium from the other end and repeat the above experiment.

② Sealing test for fixed ball valve: Before the test, rotate the ball several times without load, keep the fixed ball valve closed, and introduce the test medium from one end to the specified value; Use a pressure gauge to check the sealing performance of the inlet end, with an accuracy of 0.5~1 level and a range of 1.6 times the test pressure. Within the specified time, if there is no pressure drop phenomenon, it is considered qualified; Introduce the test medium from the other end and repeat the above experiment. Then, place the valve in a semi open state, seal both ends, and fill the inner chamber with medium. Check the packing and gasket under test pressure to ensure there is no leakage.

③ Three way ball valves should undergo sealing tests at various positions.

4. Pressure testing method for plug valves

When conducting a strength test on a rotary plug valve, the medium is introduced from one end, the other channels are closed, and the plug is sequentially rotated to the fully open working positions for testing. If no leakage is found in the valve body, it is considered qualified.